Ultimate Tarot Trainer   Is A Fun & Easy Way For Beginners To Learn How To Read Tarot Cards!
 

  Hypnotherapy Certification:  This Course Is For Everybody. Even If You Are A Layman With No Hypnosis Background, Or Don't Want To Be A Professional Hypnotherapist, You Should Still Take This Course. Learn Self-hypnosis To Break Negative Cycles, Have Confidence And Hypnotize Others!


PMI-001
350-030
642-902
640-816
220-701
pandora uk
edhardy
thomassabo
tiffany uk
christian louboutin sale

11015
 

 T H E   T A R O T   I N   H I S T O R Y

It seems that playing cards first surfaced in Europe in the Fourteenth Century, according to what documentation we have. They featured suits similar to the traditional Tarot: Swords, Staves, Cups, and Coins (still employed in the traditional packs of Italy, Portugal and Spain) comparable to today’s Swords, Wands, Cups, and Pentacles.

There’s a good deal of disagreement as to the origin of the Tarot. Even so, documentation appears to suggest that the initial Tarot packs were created in northern Italy in the early 1400s. These decks had extra picture cards appended to the then extant packs of playing cards. The new cards were, at that time, called carte da trionfi - triumph cards. The additional cards were known as trionfi a term that, before long, grew to be trumps in English. The oldest cards that can be recovered today are partial packs which go back to the middle 1600s. These were painted for the Visconti-Sforza family who ruled Milano at that time.

Divination is a term that signifies acquiring information from the Divine. Documentary evidence indicates that Tarot was initially utilized in divination during the 1700s. However divination employing similar cards can be authenticated as far back as 1540.

This 1540 book entitled The Oracles of Francesco Marcolino da Forli introduces an easy technique of divination employing the coin suit of a regular playing card pack. Written material from 1735 (The Square of Sevens) and 1750 (Pratesi Cartomancer) record rudimentary divinatory meanings for the cards of the Tarot, as well as a system for laying out the cards. In 1765, Giacomo Casanova wrote in his journal that his Russian courtesan frequently employed a pack of cards for divination.

The European Christian Community first encountered Playing cards some time before 1367 – with a document banning their usage, in Bern, Switzerland. Before this, cards were employed for several decades in Muslim Al Andalus. Early European authors describe a deck with generally fifty-two cards, like a modern deck with no jokers. The seventy-eight-card Tarot came about by appending the twenty-two trumps to an extant fifty-six card edition (fourteen cards per suit).

Extensive usage of cards in Europe can be found from 1377 onward. Tarot seems to have developed some forty years later on, and they are mentioned in the extant text of Martiano da Tortona. Da Tortona’s text is thought to date to between 1418 and 1425, since in 1418 the artist Michelino da Besozzo returned to Milano, and Martiano da Tortona died in 1425.

Da Tortona describes a pack of cards somewhat like those employed for Tarot card games in many details while what he describes is more a precursor to Tarot than what we may think of as real Tarot cards. For instance, his deck of cards only possess 16 trumps, with motifs that aren’t like today’s Tarots (they’re Grecian gods) and the suits are four varieties of birds, not the common Italian suits. What constitutes da Tortona’s pack as like today’s tarot game cards is that the 16 cards are apparently considered trumps in a card game; about 25 years later on, Jacopo Antonio Marcello, addressed them as a “ludus triumphorum”, or “game of the triumphs”. The succeeding documents that seem to corroborate objects similar to Tarots are two decks of cards from Milano (Brera-Brambrilla and Cary-Yale-Tarocchi) – extant, but fragmentary – and three documents, all from the court of Ferrara, Italy. A precise date on the cards can’t be proved, but it is believed that they were created about 1440. These three documents date from January 1, 1441 to July 1442, with the word trionfi first documented in February 1442. The text from January 1441, which employed the term trionfi, is considered unreliable; nevertheless, the fact that the same artist, Sagramoro, was engaged by the same sponsor, Leonello d’Este, as in the February 1442 papers, indicates that it is at least believably representative of the same type. After 1442 there are around seven years without any instances of like material. The game appears to have gained in importance by 1450, a Jubilee year in Italy, in which there were numerous festivities and the movement of a lot of pilgrims.

It’s evident that the motifs depicted on the trumps, which were added on to the regular pack of cards with a ‘four suits of fourteen cards’ construction, were ideologically molded. They are thought to render a specific system of conveying subject matter of a different content; early illustrations demonstrate social, philosophical, and astrological themes, for instance, in addition to a group of old Roman/Grecian/Babylonian heroes, as in the case of the Sola-Busca-Tarocchi (1491) and the Boiardo Tarocchi poem (written at an unknown time between 1461 and 1494). For example, the earliest-known deck, surviving solely in its verbal description in Martiano’s small book, was developed to demonstrate the organization of Hellenic gods, a study that was popular in Italia at the time. Its creation could have accompanied a triumphal celebration of the commissioner Filippo Maria Visconti, duke of Milano, indicating that the purpose of this pack of cards was to communicate and consolidate the political power in Milano (as was normal for early artworks of the time). The four suits pictured birds, ideas that appeared regularly in Visconti heraldry, and the order of the gods affords grounds to assume that the deck was intended to connote that the Visconti identified themselves as descendants from Jupiter and Venus (who were believed to be not gods but deified human heroes).

E A R L Y   T A R O T   C A R D S

 The earliest existing Tarot cards are three early to mid 15th century packs, all produced for members of the Visconti family. The first deck is the alleged Cary-Yale Tarot (or Visconti-Modrone Tarot), which was created sometime between 1442 and 1447 by an unknown artist for Filippo Maria Visconti. These cards (just 66) can be found in the Yale Library of New Haven. But the most noteworthy of the early tarot cards were produced in the mid 15th century, to celebrate the rule of Milano by Francesco Sforza and his wife Bianca Maria Visconti, daughter of the duke Filippo Maria. These cards were probably, painted by Bonifacio Bembo. Thirty-five of These cards are in the Pierpont Morgan Library. 13 of them are at the Casa Colleoni. 26 are at the Accademia Carrara. Two cards, ‘The Devil’ and ‘The Tower’, are lost, or maybe never even created. This widely imitated “Visconti-Sforza” pack blends the suits of swords, batons, coins and cups with the court cards King, Queen, Knight and Page with Major Arcana Cards that depict conventional iconography of the time.

Since the early Tarots were hand painted, Tarot cards were a sole right of the upper class for a long time, and, although some preachings railing against the sinfulness inherent in playing cards date back to at least the 14th century, most civil agencies didn’t regularly condemn Tarot during its early years.

L A T E R   T A R O T   D E C K S

 Mass production of cards of any kind wasn’t possible until the invention of the printing press in 1440. Cards from this time exist from several regions in France (notably, the Tarot de Marseilles, named for the city of Marseilles where they originated). During this same period, the appellation tarocchi came along.

Shortly prior to the French Revolution, a French occultist named Alliette, using the nom de plume “Etteilla” (his name reversed), who served as a seer and Tarot card reader, produced the first wide promotion of prophecy by Tarot. Etteilla devised the first esoteric Tarot pack, by adding astrological symbolism and “Egyptian” motifs to various cards, changing them from the Marseilles depictions, and adding divinatory meanings in text right on the cards.

Tarot started to be related to esoterica During the latter 1700s and 1800s. In 1781, a Swiss Freemason and minister, named Antoine Court de Gébelin, published Le Monde Primitif, an explorative analysis which included spiritual symbolism as it appeared in the modern world. De Gébelin asserted that the symbolism of the Tarot de Marseille represented the mysteries of Isis and Thoth.

Eliphas Lévi saw Tarot as a mystical key and conveyed it to the English-speaking world. Lévi, not Etteilla, is considered by many to be the real “founding father” of most contemporary schools of Tarot. His 1854 Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie (“Transcendental Magic”, in English) demonstrated an interpretation of the Tarot which associated it to Hermetic Qabalah.

Tarot divination grew to be popular the Americas from 1910 on, with the issue of the Rider-Waite-Smith Tarot (devised and illustrated by two members of the Golden Dawn), which expanded upon the traditionally simple pip cards with designs of symbolic pictures. Waite’s deck also further obscured the Christian allegories of the Tarot de Marseilles and of Eliphas Levi’s decks by converting some of the symbolism (for example changing “The Pope” to “The Hierophant” and “The Popess” to “The High Priestess”). The Rider-Waite-Smith deck is to this day the number one selling Tarot pack in the English-speaking world.

Llewellyn: The World’s Oldest And Largest New Age Publisher

 ___________________________________________

All Tarot Images Copyright © By And Available At U. S. Games, Inc. 

tarotmeister@tarotmeister.com

Content copyright . Tarotmeister.com. All rights reserved.

 ___________________________________________